{"id":41582,"date":"2026-08-06T00:00:07","date_gmt":"2026-08-06T00:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rp221.com\/?p=41582"},"modified":"2026-08-06T00:00:17","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T00:00:17","slug":"%f0%9d%90%92%f0%9d%90%84%f0%9d%90%8d%f0%9d%90%84%f0%9d%90%86%f0%9d%90%80%f0%9d%90%8b-%f0%9d%90%92%f0%9d%90%8e%f0%9d%90%91%f0%9d%90%93%f0%9d%90%88%f0%9d%90%91-%f0%9d%90%83%f0%9d%90%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rp221.com\/?p=41582","title":{"rendered":"\ud835\udc12\ud835\udc04\u0301\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc04\u0301\ud835\udc06\ud835\udc00\ud835\udc0b : \ud835\udc12\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc13\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc11 \ud835\udc03\ud835\udc04 \ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc00 \ud835\udc02\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc12\ud835\udc04 \ud835\udc0f\ud835\udc00\ud835\udc11 \ud835\udc14\ud835\udc0d \u00ab \ud835\udc01\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc06 \ud835\udc01\ud835\udc00\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc06 \u00bb \ud835\udc0f\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc03\ud835\udc14\ud835\udc02\ud835\udc13\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc05 \ud835\udc03\ud835\udc04 \ud835\udfd1 \ud835\udfce\ud835\udfce\ud835\udfce \ud835\udc0c\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc00\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc03\ud835\udc12 \ud835\udc05\ud835\udc02\ud835\udc05\ud835\udc00 PAR ANOUAR AYACHE"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Le d\u00e9bat sur la dette publique s\u00e9n\u00e9galaise est trop souvent enferm\u00e9 dans un faux dilemme. D&rsquo;un c\u00f4t\u00e9, une logique d&rsquo;aust\u00e9rit\u00e9 stricte qui pr\u00e9conise une r\u00e9duction drastique des d\u00e9penses publiques afin de r\u00e9tablir les \u00e9quilibres budg\u00e9taires, au risque d&rsquo;\u00e9touffer la croissance. De l&rsquo;autre, une fuite en avant consistant \u00e0 poursuivre les investissements sans v\u00e9ritable strat\u00e9gie de financement, au risque d&rsquo;aggraver la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des finances publiques.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 mes yeux, ces deux approches passent \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l&rsquo;essentiel. Le v\u00e9ritable enjeu n&rsquo;est pas de savoir s&rsquo;il faut davantage ou moins de dette. Il est de d\u00e9terminer quelle dette contracter, pour financer quels investissements et selon quelles modalit\u00e9s, afin qu&rsquo;elle devienne un moteur de cr\u00e9ation de richesse plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;un facteur de fragilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>La dette n&rsquo;est ni une vertu ni un p\u00e9ch\u00e9. Elle est un instrument de politique \u00e9conomique. Lorsqu&rsquo;elle finance des investissements capables d&rsquo;accro\u00eetre durablement la production nationale, la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9, les exportations et les recettes publiques, elle constitue un puissant levier de d\u00e9veloppement. Lorsqu&rsquo;elle sert principalement \u00e0 financer des d\u00e9penses courantes ou des investissements insuffisamment productifs, elle finit par peser sur les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures.<\/p>\n<p>C&rsquo;est pourquoi je d\u00e9fends une strat\u00e9gie diff\u00e9rente. Le reprofilage de la dette ne doit pas \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une simple op\u00e9ration de gestion financi\u00e8re destin\u00e9e \u00e0 repousser des \u00e9ch\u00e9ances de remboursement. Il doit devenir le point de d\u00e9part d&rsquo;une v\u00e9ritable strat\u00e9gie de transformation \u00e9conomique, fond\u00e9e sur ce que j&rsquo;appelle la doctrine de la dette productive : ce n&rsquo;est pas le niveau de la dette qui d\u00e9termine sa soutenabilit\u00e9, mais la capacit\u00e9 des investissements qu&rsquo;elle finance \u00e0 cr\u00e9er davantage de richesse que son co\u00fbt.<\/p>\n<p>Autrement dit, le reprofilage ne cr\u00e9e pas de richesse. Il cr\u00e9e du temps. Et ce temps n&rsquo;a de valeur que s&rsquo;il est mis au service de la transformation productive de notre \u00e9conomie.<\/p>\n<p>\ud835\udc03\ud835\udc14 \ud835\udc11\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc0f\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc05\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc00\ud835\udc06\ud835\udc04 \ud835\udc05\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc00\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc02\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc11 \ud835\udc00\u0300 \ud835\udc14\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc04 \ud835\udc0c\ud835\udc00\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc06\ud835\udc04 \ud835\udc03\ud835\udc04 \ud835\udc0c\ud835\udc00\ud835\udc0d\u0152\ud835\udc14\ud835\udc15\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc04 \ud835\udc12\ud835\udc13\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc00\ud835\udc13\ud835\udc04\u0301\ud835\udc06\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc10\ud835\udc14\ud835\udc04<\/p>\n<p>Le reprofilage ne doit pas \u00eatre r\u00e9duit \u00e0 un simple report des \u00e9ch\u00e9ances de remboursement. Il rel\u00e8ve d&rsquo;une v\u00e9ritable ing\u00e9nierie financi\u00e8re visant \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer le profil de la dette publique, \u00e0 restaurer des marges de man\u0153uvre budg\u00e9taires et \u00e0 pr\u00e9server la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal. Son objectif n&rsquo;est ni d&rsquo;effacer la dette ni d&rsquo;imposer des pertes aux cr\u00e9anciers, mais d&rsquo;adapter le calendrier des remboursements aux capacit\u00e9s futures de l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie s\u00e9n\u00e9galaise, afin de desserrer la contrainte financi\u00e8re tout en maintenant la confiance des investisseurs.<\/p>\n<p>Dans le contexte actuel \u2014 marqu\u00e9 par une d\u00e9gradation de la notation souveraine (CCC+ chez S&amp;P Global Ratings, confirm\u00e9e en mars 2026, et Caa1 chez Moody&rsquo;s depuis octobre 2025, toutes deux sous perspective n\u00e9gative) et un acc\u00e8s plus difficile aux march\u00e9s internationaux \u2014 une telle strat\u00e9gie suppose au pr\u00e9alable un retour progressif de la confiance. \u00c0 court terme, un nouvel accord avec le Fonds mon\u00e9taire international peut contribuer \u00e0 cr\u00e9er les conditions de cette normalisation : en apportant un signal de cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 aux investisseurs et aux partenaires techniques et financiers, il faciliterait l&rsquo;obtention de garanties multilat\u00e9rales, r\u00e9duirait les primes de risque et rendrait le reprofilage plus efficace.<\/p>\n<p>Cette analyse ne signifie nullement que le FMI constitue la solution aux difficult\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal. Son intervention ne peut \u00eatre qu&rsquo;un levier transitoire de stabilisation financi\u00e8re. Les programmes du Fonds contribuent \u00e0 restaurer la confiance macro\u00e9conomique, mais ils ne cr\u00e9ent ni usines, ni exploitations agricoles modernes, ni cha\u00eenes de transformation industrielle, ni emplois durables. Le v\u00e9ritable redressement d\u00e9pendra avant tout de notre capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 produire davantage de richesses, \u00e0 industrialiser notre \u00e9conomie et \u00e0 accro\u00eetre nos exportations. Le FMI peut aider le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal \u00e0 retrouver un acc\u00e8s normal aux march\u00e9s ; il ne b\u00e2tira jamais le d\u00e9veloppement du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal \u00e0 la place des S\u00e9n\u00e9galais.<\/p>\n<p>Le reprofilage doit donc \u00eatre envisag\u00e9 comme une passerelle entre une phase de stabilisation financi\u00e8re et une strat\u00e9gie de transformation productive, mobilisant quatre instruments compl\u00e9mentaires.<\/p>\n<p>\ud835\udfcf. \ud835\udc0b&rsquo;\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc1f\ud835\udc1f\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc1d&rsquo;\ud835\udc1e\u0301\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc21\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc1e (\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc31\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc21\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc1f\ud835\udc1f\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b) \ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2b \ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc04\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc1b\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc2c. Le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal fait face \u00e0 des maturit\u00e9s d&rsquo;Eurobonds rapproch\u00e9es \u00e0 des taux nominaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s. Le m\u00e9canisme consiste \u00e0 lancer une offre publique d&rsquo;\u00e9change cibl\u00e9e (Targeted Tender Offer), proposant aux investisseurs internationaux actuels d&rsquo;\u00e9changer leurs titres de court terme contre de nouvelles obligations \u00e0 long terme (12 \u00e0 15 ans). Compte tenu de la notation actuelle, convaincre les investisseurs d&rsquo;accepter cet allongement suppose d&rsquo;adosser ces nouveaux titres \u00e0 une garantie partielle de cr\u00e9dit (Partial Credit Guarantee) fournie par la Banque africaine de d\u00e9veloppement ou la Banque mondiale \u2014 un rehaussement de cr\u00e9dit permettant de viser un taux d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat sensiblement inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 ce que le march\u00e9 exigerait aujourd&rsquo;hui pour un emprunteur not\u00e9 CCC+.<\/p>\n<p>\ud835\udfd0. \ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc30\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc29 \ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc28\ud835\udc1b\ud835\udc23\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1f\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc1d&rsquo;\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc26\ud835\udc29\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc2d (\ud835\udc03\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc1b\ud835\udc2d-\ud835\udc1f\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc2b-\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc26\ud835\udc29\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc2d \ud835\udc12\ud835\udc30\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc29\ud835\udc2c). Une partie de la dette bilat\u00e9rale pourrait \u00eatre convertie en instruments de finance durable : n\u00e9gocier avec des cr\u00e9anciers bilat\u00e9raux (Club de Paris) ou des fonds d&rsquo;impact internationaux le rachat de notre dette avec une d\u00e9cote, en contrepartie de quoi le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal s&rsquo;engage \u00e0 r\u00e9orienter les flux de remboursement \u00e9conomis\u00e9s vers le Fonds s\u00e9n\u00e9galais pour la transformation productive (FSTP). L&rsquo;instrument cl\u00e9 serait un KPI-Linked Bond, une obligation dont le taux d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat est index\u00e9 sur l&rsquo;atteinte d&rsquo;objectifs productifs pr\u00e9cis \u2014 r\u00e9duction cibl\u00e9e des importations de riz, progression du gaz dans le mix \u00e9lectrique. Plus le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal atteint ses objectifs, plus le co\u00fbt de sa dette baisse automatiquement.<br \/>\n\ud835\udc41\ud835\udc35 : \ud835\udc59\ud835\udc4e \ud835\udc51\ud835\udc52\u0301\ud835\udc50\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc52 \ud835\udc52\u0301\ud835\udc63\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc5e\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc52\u0301\ud835\udc52 \ud835\udc56\ud835\udc50\ud835\udc56 \ud835\udc5b&rsquo;\ud835\udc4e \ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b \ud835\udc4e\u0300 \ud835\udc63\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc5f \ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc63\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc50 \ud835\udc62\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc52 \ud835\udc51\ud835\udc52\u0301\ud835\udc50\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc52 \ud835\udc51\ud835\udc52 \ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc60\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc50\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc5b (\u210e\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc50\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc61).<\/p>\n<p>\ud835\udfd1. \ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc1a \ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc27 \ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc1f\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc31 \ud835\udc1f\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2d \ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc12\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc24\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc24\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc1d&rsquo;\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1f\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2b \ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc26\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc21\ud835\udc1e\u0301 \ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e\u0301\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc25. Pour d\u00e9sengorger la dette bancaire locale de court terme, qui ass\u00e8che la liquidit\u00e9 des banques de l&rsquo;UEMOA, l&rsquo;\u00c9tat pourrait cr\u00e9er un v\u00e9hicule de titrisation (SPV) au niveau r\u00e9gional, dans lequel seraient log\u00e9s des flux financiers futurs pr\u00e9visibles \u2014 redevances portuaires attendues du Port de Ndayane, ou fraction s\u00e9curis\u00e9e sur compte s\u00e9questre des recettes gazi\u00e8res de Sangomar. Ce v\u00e9hicule \u00e9mettrait des Sukuks Al-Ijarah \u00e0 10-12 ans sur le march\u00e9 de la BRVM, port\u00e9s par des investisseurs institutionnels r\u00e9gionaux en qu\u00eate de maturit\u00e9s longues. Ce montage suppose un pr\u00e9alable juridique : v\u00e9rifier que les clauses de negative pledge figurant dans les contrats d&rsquo;Eurobonds existants n&rsquo;interdisent pas de donner en collat\u00e9ral prioritaire des flux de recettes publiques futures sans l&rsquo;accord des cr\u00e9anciers en place. C&rsquo;est un travail de revue contractuelle, pas un obstacle de principe \u2014 mais il conditionne le calendrier r\u00e9aliste de mise en \u0153uvre de ce troisi\u00e8me levier.<\/p>\n<p>\ud835\udfd2. \ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc25\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2b \ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc1f\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc26\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc2d \ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc25 (\ud835\udc01\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc1d \ud835\udc05\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc1e). Pour chaque tranche annuelle du programme d&rsquo;investissement, un financement mixte associerait un tiers de pr\u00eats concessionnels (taux de 1 \u00e0 2 %, via l&rsquo;Agence fran\u00e7aise de d\u00e9veloppement ou la JICA), un tiers de dons multilat\u00e9raux li\u00e9s au climat, et un tiers de dette commerciale restructur\u00e9e selon les instruments ci-dessus. Ce mix abaisserait m\u00e9caniquement le co\u00fbt moyen pond\u00e9r\u00e9 du capital de l&rsquo;enveloppe globale en dessous du taux de croissance attendu du PIB.<\/p>\n<p>Ces quatre instruments ne sont pas concurrents : ils constituent une bo\u00eete \u00e0 outils, \u00e0 combiner selon la nature de chaque poche de dette. En allongeant les maturit\u00e9s, en lissant le service de la dette et en ma\u00eetrisant le risque de change, ils redonnent \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00c9tat les marges de man\u0153uvre budg\u00e9taires indispensables \u00e0 une relance durable.<\/p>\n<p>Cette ing\u00e9nierie financi\u00e8re ne doit pas non plus rester prisonni\u00e8re d&rsquo;une g\u00e9ographie unique. Au-del\u00e0 des march\u00e9s traditionnels occidentaux, le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal doit diversifier ses sources de financement : renforcer ses partenariats avec les banques multilat\u00e9rales de d\u00e9veloppement, dont les garanties r\u00e9duisent le risque per\u00e7u, mais aussi d\u00e9velopper des partenariats avec les fonds souverains du Golfe et certains investisseurs asiatiques \u2014 les Sukuks d\u00e9crits plus haut s&rsquo;inscrivent naturellement dans cette logique. Il ne s&rsquo;agit pas de remplacer une d\u00e9pendance par une autre, mais de pr\u00e9server la libert\u00e9 de d\u00e9cision du pays en diversifiant ses partenaires financiers, chacun apportant des conditions, des maturit\u00e9s et des exigences diff\u00e9rentes.<\/p>\n<p>Cette diversification doit \u00e9galement se tourner vers l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur. Le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal doit mieux mobiliser l&rsquo;\u00e9pargne nationale et celle de sa diaspora. Les Diaspora Bonds existent d\u00e9j\u00e0, mais leur potentiel reste aujourd&rsquo;hui largement sous-exploit\u00e9 : ils gagneraient \u00e0 \u00eatre davantage orient\u00e9s vers des projets productifs clairement identifi\u00e9s et rattach\u00e9s au FSTP cr\u00e9\u00e9, afin que les S\u00e9n\u00e9galais de l&rsquo;ext\u00e9rieur deviennent non seulement des soutiens financiers de leurs familles, mais de v\u00e9ritables partenaires de la transformation productive du pays. C&rsquo;est aussi une dette moins expos\u00e9e au risque de change et \u00e0 la volatilit\u00e9 des march\u00e9s internationaux \u2014 une dette envers ses propres enfants plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;envers des cr\u00e9anciers ext\u00e9rieurs.<\/p>\n<p>Mais cette respiration financi\u00e8re ne prendra tout son sens que si elle est rigoureusement encadr\u00e9e. Les ressources ainsi d\u00e9gag\u00e9es ne doivent en aucun cas financer les d\u00e9penses courantes de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat. Elles doivent \u00eatre sanctuaris\u00e9es et consacr\u00e9es exclusivement au renforcement des capacit\u00e9s productives du pays.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 cet \u00e9gard, un principe fondamental doit d\u00e9sormais guider toute strat\u00e9gie d&rsquo;endettement ext\u00e9rieur : les financements lev\u00e9s en devises doivent prioritairement \u00eatre orient\u00e9s vers des investissements g\u00e9n\u00e9rateurs de devises. Les devises emprunt\u00e9es doivent contribuer \u00e0 cr\u00e9er les devises qui permettront de les rembourser \u2014 c&rsquo;est le socle de la doctrine de la dette productive, qui r\u00e9duit le risque de change et am\u00e9liore durablement la position ext\u00e9rieure du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal. Les ressources mobilis\u00e9es en dollars ou en euros devraient ainsi \u00eatre prioritairement orient\u00e9es vers l&rsquo;agro-industrie exportatrice, l&rsquo;industrie manufacturi\u00e8re tourn\u00e9e vers les march\u00e9s ext\u00e9rieurs, le tourisme, les plateformes logistiques, l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie maritime et les services num\u00e9riques exportables.<\/p>\n<p>Mais l&rsquo;\u00c9tat ne peut porter seul cette transformation exportatrice. Ce sont structurellement les entreprises priv\u00e9es qui g\u00e9n\u00e8rent les devises \u00e0 l&rsquo;exportation ; la puissance publique finance l&rsquo;infrastructure et l&rsquo;environnement des affaires, le secteur priv\u00e9 produit la richesse et la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9. Le secteur priv\u00e9 n&rsquo;est pas un acteur \u00e9conomique parmi d&rsquo;autres : il est le v\u00e9ritable moteur de la cr\u00e9ation de richesse, et c&rsquo;est en renfor\u00e7ant durablement les entreprises que l&rsquo;on renforce durablement les finances publiques.<\/p>\n<p>Cela suppose trois leviers compl\u00e9mentaires : que le FSTP joue pleinement son r\u00f4le d&rsquo;effet de levier (crowding-in) en ouvrant aux entreprises s\u00e9n\u00e9galaises l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s au co-investissement et \u00e0 la sous-traitance sur les grands projets financ\u00e9s, plut\u00f4t que de se limiter \u00e0 des investissements publics en direct ; que le collat\u00e9ral bancaire accept\u00e9 par la BCEAO soit progressivement \u00e9largi au-del\u00e0 des seuls titres publics, vers certaines cr\u00e9ances de PME r\u00e9pondant \u00e0 des crit\u00e8res de qualit\u00e9 clairement d\u00e9finis, afin d&rsquo;orienter davantage de cr\u00e9dit vers l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie productive ; et que l&rsquo;\u00c9tat engage un apurement r\u00e9solu de sa dette int\u00e9rieure envers ses fournisseurs, dont les retards de paiement fragilisent aujourd&rsquo;hui la tr\u00e9sorerie des entreprises et aggravent l&rsquo;effet d&rsquo;\u00e9viction du cr\u00e9dit bancaire au d\u00e9triment du secteur productif. Un pays qui rembourse ses fournisseurs avec la m\u00eame rigueur qu&rsquo;il rembourse ses cr\u00e9anciers ext\u00e9rieurs envoie, lui aussi, un signal de cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Le reprofilage cesse alors d&rsquo;\u00eatre une simple op\u00e9ration financi\u00e8re. Il devient le premier pilier d&rsquo;une strat\u00e9gie de transformation productive, faisant de la dette non plus un facteur de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9, mais un levier au service de la cr\u00e9ation de richesse et de la souverainet\u00e9 \u00e9conomique du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal.<\/p>\n<p>\ud835\udc14\ud835\udc0d \ud835\udc01\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc06 \ud835\udc01\ud835\udc00\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc06 \ud835\udc0f\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc03\ud835\udc14\ud835\udc02\ud835\udc13\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc05 : \ud835\udfd1 \ud835\udfce\ud835\udfce\ud835\udfce \ud835\udc0c\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc00\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc03\ud835\udc12 \ud835\udc05\ud835\udc02\ud835\udc05\ud835\udc00 \ud835\udc12\ud835\udc14\ud835\udc11 \ud835\udc02\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc10 \ud835\udc00\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc12 \ud835\udc0f\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc14\ud835\udc11 \ud835\udc02\ud835\udc07\ud835\udc00\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc06\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc11 \ud835\udc03&rsquo;\ud835\udc04\u0301\ud835\udc02\ud835\udc07\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc04<\/p>\n<p>Le reprofilage de la dette n&rsquo;est pas une fin en soi. Il ne constitue que le moyen de d\u00e9gager les marges budg\u00e9taires indispensables \u00e0 une politique ambitieuse de transformation \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n<p>C&rsquo;est dans cette logique que je propose la mise en \u0153uvre d&rsquo;un Programme exceptionnel d&rsquo;investissements productifs de 3 000 milliards de FCFA sur cinq ans, soit 600 milliards de FCFA par an, repr\u00e9sentant environ 2,5 % du PIB nominal annuel. Pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 isol\u00e9ment, ce montant peut sembler \u00e9lev\u00e9. Rapport\u00e9 \u00e0 la taille de l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie s\u00e9n\u00e9galaise et \u00e9tal\u00e9 sur cinq exercices budg\u00e9taires, il appara\u00eet pourtant r\u00e9aliste et compatible avec les capacit\u00e9s de financement du pays, \u00e0 condition d&rsquo;\u00eatre adoss\u00e9 \u00e0 une gestion active de la dette et \u00e0 une gouvernance rigoureuse.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;enjeu n&rsquo;est pas le volume des investissements, mais leur qualit\u00e9. Le programme s&rsquo;articule autour de quatre priorit\u00e9s strat\u00e9giques :<\/p>\n<p>\u25cf \ud835\udc0b&rsquo;\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2d \ud835\udc25&rsquo;\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc28-\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1e (900 milliards FCFA) : la souverainet\u00e9 alimentaire ne pourra \u00eatre atteinte sans une modernisation profonde des exploitations, le d\u00e9veloppement des capacit\u00e9s de transformation locale et des cha\u00eenes logistiques.<\/p>\n<p>\u25cf \ud835\udc0b&rsquo;\ud835\udc1e\u0301\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2d \ud835\udc25&rsquo;\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc26\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc1f\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1e\u0300\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e (700 et 600 milliards FCFA respectivement) : l&rsquo;exploitation du p\u00e9trole et du gaz ne doit pas \u00eatre une finalit\u00e9, mais un levier d&rsquo;industrialisation \u2014 la v\u00e9ritable richesse r\u00e9side dans la transformation locale, non dans l&rsquo;extraction brute.<\/p>\n<p>\u25cf \ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc22\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1f\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc25\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2a\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c \u2014 ports, corridors routiers, rail (500 milliards FCFA) \u2014 pour am\u00e9liorer la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 des entreprises et faciliter l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s aux march\u00e9s r\u00e9gionaux et internationaux.<\/p>\n<p>\u25cf \ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc27\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc26\ud835\udc1e\u0301\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2a\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc1e, \ud835\udc25&rsquo;\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc2f\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc27 \ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2d \ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1a \ud835\udc1f\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc26\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc27 \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc1f\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1e (300 milliards FCFA), pour aligner le capital humain sur les besoins du march\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>\ud835\udc0b&rsquo;\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc1b\ud835\udc23\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1f \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2f\ud835\udc22 \ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2d \ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2b : \ud835\udc1f\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b \ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc1b\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc26\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc2d \ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc0f\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc01 \ud835\udc21\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc21\ud835\udc32\ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1b\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc29\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc26\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc2d \ud835\udc2a\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1a \ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc1b\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2a\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc1e. Cette pr\u00e9cision est essentielle. Selon le minist\u00e8re de l&rsquo;\u00c9conomie, du Plan et de la Coop\u00e9ration, la croissance du PIB r\u00e9el s&rsquo;est \u00e9tablie \u00e0 6,7 % en 2025, contre 6,5 % en 2024 \u2014 une performance largement port\u00e9e par la mont\u00e9e en puissance de la production p\u00e9troli\u00e8re et gazi\u00e8re. Or cette m\u00eame source rappelle que l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 hors agriculture et hydrocarbures reste sur une trajectoire de d\u00e9c\u00e9l\u00e9ration observ\u00e9e depuis 2017, avec une croissance estim\u00e9e \u00e0 seulement 1,6 % en 2025. C&rsquo;est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment ce moteur structurel, hors rente extractive, que ce programme d&rsquo;investissement doit r\u00e9activer.<\/p>\n<p>Il convient \u00e9galement de distinguer le temps de l&rsquo;investissement du temps de ses r\u00e9sultats. Les cinq ans ne concernent que le rythme d&rsquo;engagement des d\u00e9penses. Les effets sur la croissance hors hydrocarbures, eux, se d\u00e9ploient sur un horizon plus long \u2014 celui des nouvelles maturit\u00e9s vis\u00e9es par le reprofilage (10 \u00e0 15 ans). Un port en eau profonde, une plateforme industrielle ou une cha\u00eene de transformation agroalimentaire ne produisent pas leur plein rendement en deux ou trois ans ; leur contribution \u00e0 la croissance, aux exportations et aux recettes fiscales s&rsquo;inscrit dans un horizon de dix \u00e0 quinze ans. C&rsquo;est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment pour cette raison que le calendrier de remboursement de la dette doit \u00eatre adapt\u00e9 au rythme de maturation \u00e9conomique des actifs financ\u00e9s. Selon mes propres estimations, fond\u00e9es sur des hypoth\u00e8ses prudentes de rendement, la trajectoire r\u00e9aliste est celle d&rsquo;une acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration progressive de la croissance hors hydrocarbures vers une fourchette de 5 \u00e0 6 % \u00e0 l&rsquo;horizon 2035-2040 \u2014 non un doublement imm\u00e9diat \u00e0 l&rsquo;issue du seul programme quinquennal.<\/p>\n<p>Autrement dit, \ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1a \ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc26\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc1d&rsquo;\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc1b\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1d \ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc29\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc1e\u0301\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc27 ; \ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc2d \ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc27\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2f\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc21\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc2a\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc22 \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc26\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc2d \ud835\udc1d&rsquo;\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc27 \ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e\u0301\ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2f\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc26\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc2d \ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1f<br \/>\n. C&rsquo;est l\u00e0 tout le sens de la doctrine de la dette productive : la soutenabilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;une dette ne d\u00e9pend pas uniquement de son montant, mais de la capacit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie \u00e0 cr\u00e9er durablement davantage de richesse que le co\u00fbt de son financement.<\/p>\n<p>\ud835\udc14\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc04 \ud835\udc12\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc0c\ud835\udc14\ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc00\ud835\udc13\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc0d \ud835\udc0c\ud835\udc00\ud835\udc02\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc04\u0301\ud835\udc02\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc0c\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc10\ud835\udc14\ud835\udc04 \ud835\udc08\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc03\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc02\ud835\udc00\ud835\udc13\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc15\ud835\udc04 \u2014 \ud835\udc03\ud835\udc04\u0301\ud835\udc0c\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc13\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc11 \ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc00 \ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc06\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc10\ud835\udc14\ud835\udc04, \ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc0d \ud835\udc0f\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc04\u0301\ud835\udc03\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc04 \ud835\udc0b&rsquo;\ud835\udc00\ud835\udc15\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc11<\/p>\n<p>Toute proposition \u00e9conomique s\u00e9rieuse doit reposer sur des hypoth\u00e8ses explicites. Le sc\u00e9nario pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 ici n&rsquo;est pas une pr\u00e9vision, mais une simulation destin\u00e9e \u00e0 illustrer les effets potentiels d&rsquo;une strat\u00e9gie combinant reprofilage et investissement productif.<\/p>\n<p>Les hypoth\u00e8ses retenues sont prudentes : un PIB de d\u00e9part de 22 000 milliards de FCFA, une dette publique de 26 400 milliards de FCFA (environ 120 % du PIB), un co\u00fbt moyen de financement de 5 %, et un reprofilage r\u00e9duisant le service annuel de la dette d&rsquo;environ 350 milliards de FCFA. Il s&rsquo;agit ici de la croissance du PIB global (hydrocarbures compris) \u2014 \u00e0 distinguer de la croissance hors hydrocarbures \u00e9voqu\u00e9e plus haut, qui constitue la v\u00e9ritable jauge de transformation structurelle. Sans programme d&rsquo;investissement, la croissance globale pourrait demeurer proche de 6 %, principalement port\u00e9e par les hydrocarbures ; si les investissements productifs sont effectivement r\u00e9alis\u00e9s et correctement ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s sur la dur\u00e9e, elle pourrait progressivement converger vers 7,5 \u00e0 8 %, \u00e0 mesure que la composante hors hydrocarbures prend le relais.<\/p>\n<p>Ann\u00e9e PIB (Mds FCFA) Dette (Mds FCFA) Ratio dette\/PIB<br \/>\n2027 22 000 26 400 120 %<br \/>\n2030 27 500 29 000 105 %<br \/>\n2035 36 000 30 500 85 %<br \/>\n2040 47 000 32 000 68 %<\/p>\n<p>Cette trajectoire met en \u00e9vidence un point essentiel : la dette peut continuer d&rsquo;augmenter temporairement en valeur absolue tout en devenant plus soutenable, d\u00e8s lors que la richesse nationale progresse plus rapidement qu&rsquo;elle. La v\u00e9ritable variable d&rsquo;ajustement n&rsquo;est donc pas uniquement le niveau de la dette, mais la capacit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie \u00e0 produire davantage de valeur ajout\u00e9e, \u00e0 exporter davantage et \u00e0 g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des recettes fiscales suppl\u00e9mentaires.<\/p>\n<p>Cette lecture rejoint les donn\u00e9es du Bulletin statistique de la dette publique du Tr\u00e9sor : \u00e0 fin 2024, la dette de l&rsquo;administration centrale s&rsquo;\u00e9tablissait \u00e0 23 667 milliards de FCFA (119 % du PIB), tandis que celle du secteur public consolid\u00e9 atteignait 25 583 milliards (128,6 % du PIB) \u2014 c&rsquo;est cette mesure la plus large qui d\u00e9passe aujourd&rsquo;hui les 120 % souvent \u00e9voqu\u00e9s dans le d\u00e9bat public. Ces chiffres confirment aussi qu&rsquo;un reprofilage appara\u00eet plus adapt\u00e9 qu&rsquo;une restructuration : le co\u00fbt moyen effectif de notre dette n&rsquo;\u00e9tait en moyenne que de 3,9 % (3,4 % sur la dette ext\u00e9rieure) \u00e0 fin 2024, pour une maturit\u00e9 r\u00e9siduelle moyenne de 7,2 ans. Ce n&rsquo;est pas le profil d&rsquo;une dette insoutenable appelant un d\u00e9faut ou une d\u00e9cote g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e ; c&rsquo;est celui d&rsquo;une dette dont il faut mieux g\u00e9rer le calendrier \u2014 et c&rsquo;est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment l&rsquo;espace que ce Big Bang productif doit occuper.<\/p>\n<p>Sur cette base, un reprofilage pourrait g\u00e9n\u00e9rer une \u00e9conomie annuelle de l&rsquo;ordre de 350 milliards de FCFA sur le service de la dette, finan\u00e7ant pr\u00e8s de 60 % du programme annuel d&rsquo;investissement (600 milliards de FCFA) ; le solde serait mobilis\u00e9 par les autres instruments du FSTP. On m&rsquo;opposera, \u00e0 raison, que l&rsquo;histoire r\u00e9cente des grands programmes d&rsquo;investissement public financ\u00e9s par emprunt en Afrique subsaharienne est jalonn\u00e9e de d\u00e9passements de co\u00fbts et de retards d&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution qui ont souvent \u00e9rod\u00e9 le rendement attendu de ce type de pari. C&rsquo;est un risque r\u00e9el, pas une objection \u00e0 \u00e9carter \u2014 et c&rsquo;est justement pour cela que le pilotage ind\u00e9pendant d\u00e9crit plus loin n&rsquo;est pas une option de gouvernance parmi d&rsquo;autres, mais la condition de validit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;ensemble du sc\u00e9nario chiffr\u00e9 ici.<\/p>\n<p>\ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc12 \ud835\udc02\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc10 \ud835\udc0f\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc12 \ud835\udc03\ud835\udc04 \ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc00 \ud835\udc02\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc04\u0301\ud835\udc03\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc01\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc13\ud835\udc04\u0301 \ud835\udc04\ud835\udc13 \ud835\udc03\ud835\udc14 \ud835\udc12\ud835\udc14\ud835\udc02\ud835\udc02\ud835\udc04\u0300\ud835\udc12<\/p>\n<p>Aussi ambitieuse soit-elle, une strat\u00e9gie de transformation \u00e9conomique ne peut r\u00e9ussir sans une gouvernance irr\u00e9prochable. Les ressources mobilis\u00e9es devront \u00eatre prot\u00e9g\u00e9es des cycles politiques, des arbitrages de court terme et des d\u00e9rives de gestion.<\/p>\n<p>## \ud835\udc0f\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc26\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b : une s\u00e9lection rigoureuse des investissements. Chaque projet financ\u00e9 devra faire l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;une \u00e9valuation \u00e9conomique ind\u00e9pendante d\u00e9montrant sa rentabilit\u00e9, sa contribution \u00e0 la croissance, \u00e0 l&#8217;emploi, aux exportations et aux recettes fiscales. L&rsquo;objectif n&rsquo;est plus de mesurer uniquement le co\u00fbt d&rsquo;un projet, mais sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 cr\u00e9er durablement davantage de richesse que la dette mobilis\u00e9e pour le financer.<\/p>\n<p>## \ud835\udc03\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc31\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1e\u0300\ud835\udc26\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b : le Fonds s\u00e9n\u00e9galais pour la transformation productive (FSTP). Les \u00e9conomies d\u00e9gag\u00e9es par le reprofilage, les ressources concessionnelles et les contributions des partenaires au d\u00e9veloppement seraient centralis\u00e9es dans ce fonds, d\u00e9di\u00e9 exclusivement \u00e0 l&rsquo;investissement productif \u2014 un v\u00e9ritable pare-feu contre la tentation de financer les d\u00e9penses courantes. Il servira \u00e9galement d&rsquo;effet de levier pour le secteur priv\u00e9 national, en lui ouvrant l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s au co-investissement et \u00e0 la sous-traitance sur les grands projets financ\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>## \ud835\udc13\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1e\u0300\ud835\udc26\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b : un pilotage ind\u00e9pendant dot\u00e9 d&rsquo;un pouvoir r\u00e9el. Le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal a r\u00e9cemment fait l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience, document\u00e9e par la Cour des comptes, d&rsquo;une dette non d\u00e9clar\u00e9e dans les comptes officiels \u2014 un lecteur inform\u00e9 sera l\u00e9gitimement sceptique face \u00e0 une \u00e9ni\u00e8me liste de bonnes intentions de transparence. C&rsquo;est pourquoi l&rsquo;Agence nationale de pilotage de la dette productive ne doit pas se limiter \u00e0 publier des indicateurs : elle doit disposer d&rsquo;un statut d&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance opposable \u2014 rattachement direct \u00e0 l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e nationale plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;au seul ex\u00e9cutif, publication syst\u00e9matique de ses rapports d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation, et surtout un pouvoir de blocage suspensif sur tout d\u00e9caissement du FSTP dont le dossier n&rsquo;aurait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 valid\u00e9 ex ante. Sans ce verrou, la R\u00e8gle d&rsquo;or budg\u00e9taire reste une d\u00e9claration de principe ; avec lui, elle devient un m\u00e9canisme de sanction pr\u00e9coce, avant que les fonds ne soient engag\u00e9s plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;apr\u00e8s que le mal soit fait.<\/p>\n<p>## \ud835\udc10\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1e\u0300\ud835\udc26\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b : une discipline budg\u00e9taire renforc\u00e9e. Le reprofilage ne doit jamais \u00eatre interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme une autorisation de d\u00e9penser davantage. Les d\u00e9penses de fonctionnement devront continuer \u00e0 \u00eatre ma\u00eetris\u00e9es afin de pr\u00e9server la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 de la strat\u00e9gie. Cette logique de sanctuarisation rejoint un autre chantier de fond : la r\u00e9forme des subventions \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques. En rempla\u00e7ant un syst\u00e8me universel et r\u00e9gressif par un ciblage effectif des couches fragiles \u2014 via le Registre social unique et des dispositifs comme Yakaar-Teranga \u2014 l&rsquo;\u00c9tat lib\u00e8re des marges budg\u00e9taires substantielles, qui doivent \u00eatre sanctuaris\u00e9es au m\u00eame titre que les ressources extractives plut\u00f4t que r\u00e9absorb\u00e9es par le train de vie courant.<\/p>\n<p>## \ud835\udc02\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc2a\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1e\u0300\ud835\udc26\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b : une mobilisation de l&rsquo;ensemble des forces vives du pays. La transformation productive ne rel\u00e8ve pas de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat seul. Elle suppose une alliance durable entre les pouvoirs publics, le secteur priv\u00e9 national, les universit\u00e9s, la diaspora, les partenaires techniques et financiers et les collectivit\u00e9s territoriales.<\/p>\n<p>Ces cinq piliers forment un ensemble indissociable. Sans investissements productifs, le reprofilage ne serait qu&rsquo;un simple report des \u00e9ch\u00e9ances. Sans gouvernance dot\u00e9e d&rsquo;un pouvoir r\u00e9el, les investissements risqueraient de perdre leur efficacit\u00e9. La r\u00e9ussite de cette strat\u00e9gie d\u00e9pendra donc moins des instruments financiers retenus que de la qualit\u00e9 des institutions charg\u00e9es de les mettre en \u0153uvre.<\/p>\n<p>\ud835\udc0f\ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc00\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc03\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc11 \ud835\udc0f\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc14\ud835\udc11 \ud835\udc14\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc04 \ud835\udc04\u0301\ud835\udc15\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc14\ud835\udc13\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc0d \ud835\udc03\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc12 \ud835\udc11\ud835\udc04\u0300\ud835\udc06\ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc12 \ud835\udc03\ud835\udc04 \ud835\udc02\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc15\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc06\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc02\ud835\udc04 : \ud835\udc15\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc12 \ud835\udc14\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc04 \u00ab \ud835\udc11\ud835\udc04\u0300\ud835\udc06\ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc04 \ud835\udc03&rsquo;\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc11 \ud835\udc03\ud835\udc04 \ud835\udc0b&rsquo;\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc15\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc12\ud835\udc13\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc12\ud835\udc12\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc0c\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc13 \ud835\udc0f\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc03\ud835\udc14\ud835\udc02\ud835\udc13\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc05 \u00bb \ud835\udc00\ud835\udc14 \ud835\udc12\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc0d \ud835\udc03\ud835\udc04 \ud835\udc0b&rsquo;\ud835\udc14\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc0c\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc00<\/p>\n<p>Cette exigence de qualit\u00e9 de la d\u00e9pense ne doit pas s&rsquo;arr\u00eater aux fronti\u00e8res nationales. Le Pacte de convergence de l&rsquo;Union fixe aujourd&rsquo;hui un plafond uniforme de dette publique de 70 % du PIB, sans distinguer la nature des d\u00e9penses financ\u00e9es : qu&rsquo;un emprunt serve \u00e0 couvrir des d\u00e9penses de fonctionnement ou \u00e0 construire un port, une centrale \u00e9lectrique ou une unit\u00e9 de transformation agro-industrielle, son traitement demeure identique. Cette approche favorise la discipline budg\u00e9taire, mais elle mesure le volume de la dette sans appr\u00e9cier la qualit\u00e9 des investissements qu&rsquo;elle finance \u2014 une faiblesse m\u00e9thodologique qui n&rsquo;est pas anodine : le taux d&rsquo;endettement de l&rsquo;Union avoisine aujourd&rsquo;hui 62,5 % du PIB, et le service de la dette a absorb\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 70 % des recettes fiscales des \u00c9tats membres en 2025, une pression qui pousse m\u00e9caniquement les gouvernements vers l&rsquo;aust\u00e9rit\u00e9 indiff\u00e9renci\u00e9e, y compris sur les d\u00e9penses les plus productives.<\/p>\n<p>C&rsquo;est pourquoi je propose que le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal porte, au sein des instances de l&rsquo;UEMOA, l&rsquo;id\u00e9e d&rsquo;une \ud835\ude4d\ud835\ude5a\u0300\ud835\ude5c\ud835\ude61\ud835\ude5a \ud835\ude59&rsquo;\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude67 \ud835\ude59\ud835\ude5a \ud835\ude61&rsquo;\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude6b\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude68\ud835\ude69\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude68\ud835\ude68\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude62\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude69 \ud835\ude65\ud835\ude67\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude59\ud835\ude6a\ud835\ude58\ud835\ude69\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude5b. \ud835\ude4e\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude63 \ud835\ude65\ud835\ude67\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude58\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude65\ud835\ude5a : \ud835\ude65\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude67\ud835\ude62\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude69\ud835\ude69\ud835\ude67\ud835\ude5a, \ud835\ude68\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude6a\ud835\ude68 \ud835\ude59\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude68 \ud835\ude58\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude59\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude69\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude68 \ud835\ude68\ud835\ude69\ud835\ude67\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude58\ud835\ude69\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude68, \ud835\ude66\ud835\ude6a\ud835\ude5a \ud835\ude61\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude68 \ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude62\ud835\ude65\ud835\ude67\ud835\ude6a\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude69\ud835\ude68 \ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude6d\ud835\ude58\ud835\ude61\ud835\ude6a\ud835\ude68\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude6b\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude62\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude69 \ud835\ude58\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude68\ud835\ude56\ud835\ude58\ud835\ude67\ud835\ude5a\u0301\ud835\ude68 \ud835\ude56\u0300 \ud835\ude59\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude68 \ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude6b\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude68\ud835\ude69\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude68\ud835\ude68\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude62\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude69\ud835\ude68 \ud835\ude65\ud835\ude67\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude59\ud835\ude6a\ud835\ude58\ud835\ude69\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude5b\ud835\ude68 \ud835\ude57\ud835\ude5a\u0301\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude5a\u0301\ud835\ude5b\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude58\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude69 \ud835\ude59&rsquo;\ud835\ude6a\ud835\ude63 \ud835\ude69\ud835\ude67\ud835\ude56\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude69\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude62\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude69 \ud835\ude68\ud835\ude65\ud835\ude5a\u0301\ud835\ude58\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude5b\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude66\ud835\ude6a\ud835\ude5a \ud835\ude59\ud835\ude56\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude68 \ud835\ude61&rsquo;\ud835\ude56\ud835\ude65\ud835\ude65\ud835\ude67\ud835\ude5a\u0301\ud835\ude58\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude56\ud835\ude69\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude63 \ud835\ude59\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude68 \ud835\ude58\ud835\ude67\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude69\ud835\ude5a\u0300\ud835\ude67\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude68 \ud835\ude59\ud835\ude5a \ud835\ude58\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude6b\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude67\ud835\ude5c\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude58\ud835\ude5a \u2014 \ud835\ude56\u0300 \ud835\ude58\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude59\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude69\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude63 \ud835\ude66\ud835\ude6a\ud835\ude5a \ud835\ude58\ud835\ude5d\ud835\ude56\ud835\ude66\ud835\ude6a\ud835\ude5a \ud835\ude65\ud835\ude67\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude5f\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude69 \ud835\ude68\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude69 \ud835\ude6b\ud835\ude56\ud835\ude61\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude59\ud835\ude5a\u0301 \ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude6d \ud835\ude56\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude69\ud835\ude5a \ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude69 \ud835\ude5a\u0301\ud835\ude6b\ud835\ude56\ud835\ude61\ud835\ude6a\ud835\ude5a\u0301 \ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude6d \ud835\ude65\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude68\ud835\ude69 \ud835\ude65\ud835\ude56\ud835\ude67 \ud835\ude6a\ud835\ude63 \ud835\ude62\ud835\ude5a\u0301\ud835\ude58\ud835\ude56\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude68\ud835\ude62\ud835\ude5a \ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude59\ud835\ude5a\u0301\ud835\ude65\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude59\ud835\ude56\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude69, \ud835\ude68\ud835\ude6a\ud835\ude67 \ud835\ude61\ud835\ude5a \ud835\ude62\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude59\ud835\ude5a\u0300\ud835\ude61\ud835\ude5a \ud835\ude59\ud835\ude5a \ud835\ude61&rsquo;\ud835\ude3c\ud835\ude5c\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude58\ud835\ude5a \ud835\ude59\ud835\ude5a \ud835\ude65\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude61\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude69\ud835\ude56\ud835\ude5c\ud835\ude5a \ud835\ude65\ud835\ude67\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude65\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude68\ud835\ude5a\u0301\ud835\ude5a \ud835\ude65\ud835\ude61\ud835\ude6a\ud835\ude68 \ud835\ude5d\ud835\ude56\ud835\ude6a\ud835\ude69, \ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude69 \ud835\ude66\ud835\ude6a\ud835\ude5a \ud835\ude68\ud835\ude56 \ud835\ude67\ud835\ude5a\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude69\ud835\ude56\ud835\ude57\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude61\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude69\ud835\ude5a\u0301 \ud835\ude5a\u0301\ud835\ude58\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude62\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude66\ud835\ude6a\ud835\ude5a \ud835\ude68\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude5e\ud835\ude69 \ud835\ude59\ud835\ude5a\u0301\ud835\ude62\ud835\ude64\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude69\ud835\ude67\ud835\ude5a\u0301\ud835\ude5a \ud835\ude59\ud835\ude56\ud835\ude63\ud835\ude68 \ud835\ude61\ud835\ude56 \ud835\ude59\ud835\ude6a\ud835\ude67\ud835\ude5a\u0301\ud835\ude5a.<\/p>\n<p>Il ne s&rsquo;agirait nullement d&rsquo;un assouplissement de la discipline budg\u00e9taire, mais l&rsquo;inverse : une telle r\u00e8gle imposerait des exigences de transparence et d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation sup\u00e9rieures au dispositif actuel, puisque chaque franc CFA emprunt\u00e9 au-del\u00e0 du plafond commun devrait justifier, projet par projet, sa contribution nette \u00e0 la croissance et aux recettes futures.<\/p>\n<p>Cette proposition s&rsquo;inscrit dans une vision plus large de la souverainet\u00e9 \u00e9conomique. Elle ne se substitue pas au chantier mon\u00e9taire, elle l&rsquo;accompagne : la r\u00e9forme de la BCEAO vers un mandat dual de d\u00e9veloppement \u2014 objectif que je d\u00e9fends par ailleurs dans mes travaux sur la souverainet\u00e9 mon\u00e9taire \u2014 suit son propre calendrier institutionnel, r\u00e9gional par nature, et ne saurait attendre l&rsquo;aboutissement du reprofilage national pour \u00eatre engag\u00e9e. Les deux chantiers avancent en parall\u00e8le et se renforcent mutuellement : un espace budg\u00e9taire regagn\u00e9 et des capacit\u00e9s productives renforc\u00e9es donnent au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal davantage de poids dans la n\u00e9gociation r\u00e9gionale sur l&rsquo;architecture mon\u00e9taire, tandis qu&rsquo;une politique mon\u00e9taire mieux align\u00e9e sur les besoins de financement du d\u00e9veloppement amplifierait \u00e0 son tour l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 du reprofilage engag\u00e9 ici. Souverainet\u00e9 mon\u00e9taire et transformation productive sont des leviers compl\u00e9mentaires, non substituables \u2014 c&rsquo;est en les actionnant de concert que le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal se donnera les moyens de sortir, \u00e0 son rythme et selon ses propres termes, de la d\u00e9pendance structurelle au syst\u00e8me financier mondialis\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>\ud835\udc02\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc02\ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc14\ud835\udc12\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc0d : \ud835\udc05\ud835\udc00\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc04 \ud835\udc03\ud835\udc04 \ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc00 \ud835\udc03\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc13\ud835\udc13\ud835\udc04 \ud835\udc14\ud835\udc0d \ud835\udc08\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc12\ud835\udc13\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc14\ud835\udc0c\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc13 \ud835\udc03\ud835\udc04 \ud835\udc12\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc14\ud835\udc15\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc00\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc04\ud835\udc13\ud835\udc04\u0301<\/p>\n<p>Le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal est aujourd&rsquo;hui \u00e0 la crois\u00e9e des chemins. Le v\u00e9ritable choix n&rsquo;est pas entre s&rsquo;endetter ou ne pas s&rsquo;endetter. Il est entre une dette qui entretient la d\u00e9pendance et une dette qui construit l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n<p>\ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc29\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc1f\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc27&rsquo;\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2d \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc1f\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc27 \ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc27 \ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc22. \ud835\udc08\ud835\udc25 \ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2d \ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc27 \ud835\udc26\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc32\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc27 \ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2f\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b \ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc2e \ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc26\ud835\udc29\ud835\udc2c, \ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b \ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1a \ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1f\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2d \ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e\u0301\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b \ud835\udc25&rsquo;\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc29\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc1b\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc1e\u0301\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1e\u0301\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc1a\u0300 \ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2a\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc26\ud835\udc1b\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc1d&rsquo;\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc2f\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc26\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1f\ud835\udc2c. Ce temps retrouv\u00e9 ne prendra toutefois de valeur que s&rsquo;il est mis au service d&rsquo;une transformation profonde de notre appareil productif. \u00c0 court terme, un accord avec le FMI peut contribuer \u00e0 stabiliser les finances publiques et \u00e0 faciliter le retour du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal sur les march\u00e9s internationaux \u2014 mais il ne faut pas lui attribuer un r\u00f4le qu&rsquo;il ne peut jouer. Le FMI peut accompagner une phase de stabilisation ; il ne construira jamais le d\u00e9veloppement du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal \u00e0 la place des S\u00e9n\u00e9galais.<\/p>\n<p>Notre avenir d\u00e9pendra avant tout de notre capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 produire davantage, \u00e0 transformer localement nos mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res, \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper notre industrie et \u00e0 conqu\u00e9rir des march\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;exportation. C&rsquo;est pourquoi je d\u00e9fends une doctrine de la dette productive, fond\u00e9e sur un principe simple : chaque franc CFA emprunt\u00e9 doit cr\u00e9er davantage de richesse qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;en co\u00fbte, et chaque dette contract\u00e9e en devises doit financer prioritairement des investissements capables de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer les devises n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 son remboursement.<\/p>\n<p>Le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal dispose aujourd&rsquo;hui d&rsquo;atouts consid\u00e9rables : une population jeune, des ressources naturelles, une position g\u00e9ographique strat\u00e9gique et un potentiel de croissance reconnu. Pour transformer ces atouts en prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 durable, il nous faut une discipline budg\u00e9taire exigeante, une gouvernance irr\u00e9prochable et une vision \u00e9conomique de long terme.<\/p>\n<p>La dette n&rsquo;est ni une fatalit\u00e9, ni une richesse en elle-m\u00eame. Tout d\u00e9pend de l&rsquo;usage qui en est fait. Lorsqu&rsquo;elle finance la consommation, elle reporte les difficult\u00e9s. Lorsqu&rsquo;elle finance la production, elle pr\u00e9pare l&rsquo;avenir.<\/p>\n<p>Faire en sorte que chaque franc CFA emprunt\u00e9 cr\u00e9e davantage de richesse qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;en co\u00fbte \u2014 et davantage de richesse productive, non d\u00e9pendante de la rente extractive \u2014 voil\u00e0 la seule vraie voie vers une prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 durable et une souverainet\u00e9 \u00e9conomique assum\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>\ud835\udc02&rsquo;\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2d \ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc27 \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc22 \ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2b \ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1a \ud835\udc2a\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc1e\u0301 \ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1a \ud835\udc20\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2f\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc1e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le d\u00e9bat sur la dette publique s\u00e9n\u00e9galaise est trop souvent enferm\u00e9 dans un faux dilemme. D&rsquo;un c\u00f4t\u00e9, une logique d&rsquo;aust\u00e9rit\u00e9 stricte qui pr\u00e9conise une r\u00e9duction drastique des d\u00e9penses publiques afin de r\u00e9tablir les \u00e9quilibres budg\u00e9taires, au risque d&rsquo;\u00e9touffer la croissance. De l&rsquo;autre, une fuite en avant consistant \u00e0 poursuivre les investissements sans v\u00e9ritable strat\u00e9gie de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":41583,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-contributions"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/rp221.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/aayache.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rp221.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41582","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rp221.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rp221.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rp221.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rp221.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=41582"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/rp221.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41582\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41584,"href":"https:\/\/rp221.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41582\/revisions\/41584"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rp221.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/41583"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rp221.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=41582"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rp221.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=41582"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rp221.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=41582"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}